Section 45S

The Paid Family & Medical Leave Credit

If you keep paying employees while they're out on family or medical leave - a new baby, a serious illness, caring for a parent - the government gives you back a slice of those wages. It was made permanent and expanded for 2026, and it's finally simple enough to actually use.

In a nutshell

  • Worth 12.5% to 25% of the wages you pay during leave - the more of normal pay you cover, the higher the rate.
  • Made permanent and expanded for 2026 (OBBBA). It now works even in states with mandated PFML - for the leave you fund above the state minimum.
  • You need a written policy that pays at least 50% of wages for at least two weeks of leave.
  • Qualifying employee: employed ≥ 1 year (you may elect 6 months for 2026+) with prior-year pay ≤ $96,000.
  • Up to 12 weeks per employee per year. New for 2026: you can compute it on insurance premiums instead of wages.
  • Claimed on IRS Form 8994, flowing into the General Business Credit (Form 3800).

How the math works

12.5% → 25%
Of wages paid during leave
rises as you cover more of normal pay
12 weeks
Maximum per employee
per year

Worked example

An employee who normally earns $800/week takes 8 weeks of parental leave, and you pay 60% of their wages while they're out.

  • • Wages paid during leave: 60% × (8 × $800) = $3,840
  • • Applicable rate at a 60% payment rate: 12.5% + 0.25×10 = 15%
  • • Credit: 15% × $3,840 = $576

Pay 100% of wages instead and the rate climbs to the full 25%.

What P.A.I.D. needs - no connection required

There's no payroll integration to set up for this one. You enter two numbers you already know - the total wages you paid during leave, and what percentage of normal pay that was - and we compute the credit and fill out Form 8994. Keep your written leave policy on file; your CPA confirms it before filing.

Do you qualify? The real limits

The bright-line tests and the things that quietly disqualify a business (2026 tax year).

Credit rate
12.5% of wages paid during leave at a 50% payment rate, rising to 25% at 100%
Written policy
Required - at least 2 weeks of leave paying ≥50% of normal wages
Qualifying employee
≥1 year tenure (employer may elect 6 months, 2026+); prior-year comp ≤ $96,000 (2026)
Cap
Up to 12 weeks of leave per employee per year

What can disqualify you

  • Vacation, personal, sick, or other PTO is NOT family/medical leave - only FMLA-purpose leave counts.
  • Leave paid or mandated by a state or local government doesn't count (only voluntary employer-funded leave above the mandate).
  • Paying less than 50% of normal wages during leave disqualifies that leave entirely.

Common reasons businesses get denied

  • No written PFML policy in force before the leave was taken.
  • Counting regular PTO or vacation as family/medical leave.
  • Employees who fail the tenure or the $96,000 prior-year-comp test.
  • Claiming leave that the state already requires you to pay.
  • Not reducing the wage deduction by the credit (§280C).

Even if you qualify

  • Nonrefundable (General Business Credit liability limit; unused carries back 1 / forward 20).
  • The wage deduction is reduced by the credit amount (§280C).

Check your state

State figures as of June 2026; many are indexed and change mid-year. Confirm with your state labor department and CPA.

Limits that apply to every federal credit

They're nonrefundable
Every credit here offsets income tax but can't create a refund (§38 liability limit). A business with little or no tax liability gets little benefit this year - unused amounts carry back 1 year and forward up to 20 (§39).
Related businesses are combined
If you own multiple businesses under >50% common control, the IRS treats them as ONE employer for the size tests (§52/§414). Several small entities can together blow past the under-25-FTE, 30-employee, or 100-employee ceilings even though each looks small alone.
No double-dipping
The deduction for the wages/premiums/expenses behind a credit is reduced by the credit amount (§280C), and the same dollar can't fund two different credits.
Pass-through & passive limits
For S-corps and partnerships the credit flows to owners on a K-1, where each owner's liability and passive-activity limits (§469) decide how much they can actually use.

Plain-English summary, not tax advice. Your CPA confirms eligibility for your specific business.

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